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| Specifies wether or not there is a coating on top of the Base layer. Visually, the presence of coating adds the following two characteristics to the look of the layer: - Adds a specular highlight because light can bounce of the smooth surface of the coating.
- Adds a light absorption effect. This is especially visible on gazing angles where light travels a longer distance before reaching the viewer.
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Specifies the color of the specular highlight for the coating. Info |
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It is unusual to have coloured highlights on coatings because only a conducting coating (a metallic coating) can have coloured reflections. It is thus recommended use this colour as a weight (all channels equal). |
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| Sets the colouring of the medium that makes up the coating. Light bouncing from the underlying metal will be tinted by this quantity. Thickness of the coating, described below, will affect how much transmittance color will be visible. Image Modified
| | Sets the ratio of light that bounces back when coming from a normal incident angle. For realistic coatings, this quantity should be kept low (only conductors have high reflectivity at normal incidence). Image Modified
| | Sets the roughness of the coating. Image Modified
| | Specifies the thickness of the coating. Thicker coatings will show more transmittance color. Image Modified
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| Spcifies the overall colour of the metal as seen from a straight angle. The following image shows a gold object (middle, color = [0.88, 0.60, 0.35] ) alongside two objects with the hue shifted. Image Modified
| | Describes how light is tinted at grazing angles. Image Modified
| | Sets metal roughness. The following two images show the effect on silver and on carbone. Image Modified
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| Enables or disables tempering. | | The thickness of the oxide layer, in micrometers. Image Removed
| | Index of refraction of the oxide. Depends on the metal being rendered. Note that the Presets will automatically set this quantity to the correct value. Image Removed | | Anisotropy is an effect achieved by varying roughness independently in the U and V direction over the surface. A positive parameter value will increase U roughness and a negative value will increase V roughness. From left to right: -0.8, -0.4 and 0.4 .
| | Sets the axis of the anisotropy on the surface. From left to right: [0.5, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0], [1, 0.5, 0] Each channel in the bitmap corresponds to a spatial dimension (X, Y and Z). These spatial dimensions are relative to a varying coordinate system based on the derivatives of position with respect to texture coordinates. Individual components for any direction should be in the range [–1, 1]. But to be encoded into an RGB texture with 8 bits per component, they are mapped into the range [0, 1]. So t XYZ (0, 0, –1) will be remapped to the RGB (0.5, 0.5, 0) values. It's also possible to use an angle texture to convert the direction to a color as show in the table below: Image Modified
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| Figure 1: The angle texture used for direction to color conversion | Image Modified
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| The thickness of the oxide layer, in micrometers. Image Added
| | Index of refraction of the oxide. Depends on the metal being rendered. Note that the Presets will automatically set this quantity to the correct value. Image Added
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| Bump / Normal / Displacement Map - EXCERPT |
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| Bump / Normal / Displacement Map - EXCERPT |
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Interference colours are produced when metal is heated and a thin film of metal's oxide forms on the surface. They are dependent on the wavelength and angle of the incident light, the thickness of the oxide film and the refractive indices of the oxide material. This effect is also called thin-film interference . Image Removed Image Added
Figure 1: Explanation of thin-film interference. When the phase difference between the two reflected beams is an even integer multiple of the wavelength of the beam in the film, then the two reflected beams tend to interfere constructively. If the phase difference between the two reflected beams is an odd integer multiple of the wavelength of light in the film, the beams interfere destructively. |
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Figure 2: Light path in a thin film of the metal's oxide. |
Coating differs from tempering in that it is used to render a relatively thick medium that has been applied on top of the metal (such as is the case of car paint). Tempering produces a very thin layer of oxyde on the metal surface which can produces interference. From Wikipedia: "In the field of computer graphics, an anisotropic surface changes in appearance as it rotates about its geometric normal, as is the case with velvet". Anisotropy allows to set a different roughness depending on the orientation on surface. On real world surfaces, anisotropy is generated by microstructure characteristics of the surface. For example, brushed metal objects are polished in such way that there are a lot of parallel scratches on the surface. On CDs, the microstructure is produced by "tracks" describing the actual data. The following video shows the effect of anisotropy coupled with tempering. https://player.vimeo.com/video/147743724 |